HBSAG is a protein that is found on the surface of hepatitis B virus. It can be detected in high levels in the blood during acute or chronic infection with the virus. The presence of HBSAG indicates that the person is infectious and can spread the virus to others.

HBSAB is an antibody that the body produces in response to HBSAG. The presence of HBSAB indicates that the person has recovered from hepatitis B virus infection, or has been vaccinated against it. HBSAB provides immunity against future hepatitis B virus infection.

HBCAB is an antibody that the body produces in response to the hepatitis B virus core antigen, which is part of the virus itself. The presence of HBCAB indicates that the person has had a previous or current infection with the virus at some point in time. Interpretation of this test depends on the results of other tests.

HBCAG is the hepatitis B virus core antigen, which is part of the virus. HBCAG cannot be detected in the blood by conventional methods because it is surrounded by the HBSAG protein coat, but it can be detected in liver cells using a technique called Immunohistochemistry.

HBCIGG is another type of HBCAB that is produced by the body in response to the hepatitis B virus. The presence of HBCIGG indicates that the person has had a previous infection with the virus.

HBCIGM is a type of HBCAB that remains in the body for life after infection with the virus. The presence of HBCIGM is considered to be an indication of a previous infection with the virus.

HCVAB is an antibody that the body produces in response to hepatitis C virus. The presence of HCVAB indicates that the person has had a previous or current infection with the virus at some point in time. The explanation of this test depends on the results of another test called a nucleic acid test (NAT) for HCVRNA, which detects the presence of the virus in the blood.

This test involves collecting a sample of bacteria from the body to identify the type of bacteria causing the infection and to determine the effectiveness of the treatment used to kill these bacteria.

This test is used to detect the presence of tuberculosis in the body. A sample of sputum is collected from the infected person and analyzed for the presence of bacteria that cause tuberculosis.

This test is used to detect early infection with tuberculosis. A substance known as “tuberculin” is injected under the skin, and within 48 to 72 hours, a member of the healthcare team will examine your arm for swelling at the injection site. The size of the raised area of skin is used to determine the positive or negative results of the test.

This is a sample of the fluid inside the echinococcosis cyst that appear in some parts of the body. This sample is used to identify the type of these cysts and to ensure that they are free of any cancerous cells.

This is a sample of fluid that is released by the male through the penis. This sample is used to determine the quality, quantity, and movement of sperm cells and to ensure that they are free of any health problems that affect fertility.