Blood Chemistry Examination:
They are laboratory tests that measure the levels of certain chemicals in biological fluids such as blood, urine, or water. These tests help to diagnose diseases, changes in organ function, or side effects of medications. Some of the most common blood chemistry tests:
Measures the level of glucose in the blood at a given moment. It reflects the state of glucose metabolism and may indicate the presence of diabetes or other disorders.
A nitrogenous substance produced from the breakdown of creatine phosphate, which is a source of energy for muscles. Elevated levels of creatinine in the blood may indicate decreased kidney function or muscle damage.
A nitrogenous substance produced from the breakdown of proteins in the body. Elevated levels of urea in the blood may indicate decreased kidney function or increased protein breakdown.
A nitrogenous substance produced from the breakdown of nucleic acids, which are genetic material. Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood may indicate increased breakdown of body cells or disorders in nucleic acid metabolism.
A fat produced in the liver. It is essential for building some hormones and cell membranes. Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood may indicate increased risk of heart disease.
A type of fat that is used as an energy source for the body. It is composed of three fatty acid molecules and a portion of glycerol. Elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood may indicate increased risk of heart disease or disorders in fat metabolism.
Two types of proteins that carry cholesterol in the blood. HDL is the high-density lipoprotein and is called good cholesterol because it helps to remove cholesterol from the artery. LDL is the low-density lipoprotein and is called bad cholesterol because it contributes to the accumulation of cholesterol in the artery and increases the risk of heart disease.
Measures the total amount of proteins in serum, which reflects the state of nutrition and liver and kidney function.
It is a type of protein that is produced in the liver. It maintains the osmotic pressure between serum and tissues.
An enzyme that is present in liver cells. It helps to break down some compounds.
Elevated level of this enzyme in the blood indicates to hepatic damage due to infections, botulism, fibrosis, or cancer.
An enzyme that is present in liver, heart, and muscle cells. It helps to break down some compounds.
Elevated level of this enzyme in the blood indicates to hepatic damage due to infections, ischemia, fibrosis, or cancer.
A laboratory test that is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is an enzyme that is primarily produced in the liver and bones in the body, as well as in the kidneys, intestines, and placenta during pregnancy. Any increase or decrease in its levels is an indicator of a problem or damage to any organ in which it is present.
A test that measures the level of gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme in the blood. It is one of the tests used to evaluate liver function. Gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme is mostly found in the liver, and when there is damage to the liver, gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme leaks into the blood. It is an enzyme that is present in liver and bile duct cells. It helps to transport some compounds.
Elevated levels of enzyme in the blood may indicate chronic liver damage or biliary obstruction caused by inflammation, stones, cancer, cirrhosis, alcoholic liver damage, or drug-induced liver damage.
An enzyme that is present in the salivary glands and pancreas. It helps to digest carbohydrates.
Elevated levels of amylase in the blood may indicate inflammation, damage to the pancreas, or obstruction of the pancreatic duct.
A test that measures the level of a type of protein known as lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in the blood or in different body fluids. This enzyme is usually present in almost all tissues of the body, including blood, heart, kidney, brain, and lungs. It plays an important role in energy production in the body.
Creatine kinase is one of the tests that are performed medically to reassure the general condition of the person concerned in certain cases. The normal level of this test may vary from person to person, depending on several factors, such as age, sex, race, skin color, and the extent of physical activity. It is found primarily in skeletal muscles, heart muscle, brain, and some other internal organs.
A type of CK enzyme that is primarily present in heart muscle cells. It helps to break down creatine phosphate. Elevated levels of CK-MB in the blood may indicate heart damage caused by a heart attack or injury to the heart muscle.
A mineral that is essential for the growth and health of bones and teeth, as well as for muscle contraction, nerve signal transmission, and blood clotting. Low levels of calcium in the blood may indicate a deficiency of vitamin D or disorders of the parathyroid gland or kidneys. High levels of calcium in the blood may indicate an excess of vitamin D or disorders of the thyroid gland or cancer.
Phosphorus is a mineral that is essential for the growth and health of bones and teeth, as well as for producing, storing, and using energy in the body.
Low levels of phosphorus in the blood may indicate malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, or kidney or parathyroid gland disorders.
High levels of phosphorus in the blood may also indicate vitamin D deficiency, kidney or parathyroid gland disorders.
Sodium is a mineral that is essential for maintaining fluid and metabolic balance
in the body. A sodium blood test is part of a test called an electrolyte panel, which includes a group of tests that measure sodium. It is important to note that if sodium levels in the blood are too high or too low, it may mean that the individual is experiencing kidney problems or dehydration.
Potassium is important in the blood because it plays an important role in maintaining the electrical balance on the cell surface. Potassium is essential for nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and the transport of nutrients and signals into and out of cells.
Chloride blood test is a laboratory test that measures the chloride level to check the acid-base balance in the body. It is important because it regulates body fluids, electrolyte balance, and maintains the body’s electrical balance. Chloride is often measured in the blood along with other electrolytes to diagnose or monitor conditions such as heart failure, kidney disease, high blood pressure, or liver disease.
Zinc plays a major role in DNA synthesis, cell growth, protein building, wound healing, and supporting a healthy immune system. Zinc helps cells grow and multiply, and it is important to get enough zinc during times of rapid growth, such as childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy. It also plays a role in taste and smell. As a result of having zinc many functions throughout the body, zinc deficiency can affect many tissues and organs, such as the skin, bones, digestive system, reproductive system, central nervous system, and immune system.
Iron is essential for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Low levels of iron can cause the body to be unable to produce hemoglobin, which reduces the number of red blood cells and prevents the body’s organs and tissues from getting enough oxygen.
